https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raIxEiuOl3k
The MUSLIM WORLD (especially Saudi Arabia + Iran) (unlike Morocco + Turkey who opened up to the West that MADE ALL THE DIFFERENCE to their respective economies) kept to itself living in its own self-made bubble (much like the USA). This had - surely - A NEGATIVE IMPACT. At the beginning of the 1980s, with the University of Ottawa PhD. Algerian students (members of the FILS or sympathizers of) who were my friends as I was learning Arabic at the University + was interested in Islam, I ALWAY MADE AT POINT OF SAYING that THE FUTURE OF NORTH AFRICA IS "WITH" EUROPE, but that is true of the Islamic world: Turkey knows this. I wants "in" to the European Union which it was counting on in 2014 until the Americans intervened in the Ukraine that allowed the Germans to say the EU had NO TIME to deal with Turkey. It is safe to say that THE MUSLIM WORLD became very much a part of the crusades in two (2) ways: FIRSTLY, 1/2 of the crusaders decided to stay in the Holy Land which created the foundation of the European economy which previously was limited to a micro-economy of convents + monasteries. SECONDLY, Europe "adopted" Turkish culture as theirs in terms of THEIR TASTE in music + dress in the Medieval Ages (from the 1200s until the end of the 1400s - just prior to the Renaissance). For example, THE OFFICIAL DRESS of the Catholic priest known as the "cassock" is CLASSIC ARABIC MALE DRESS + the habits of the nuns, CLASSIC ARABIC FEMALE DRESS. THE GUIDING LIGHT WAS ISLAM. THE OVERRIDING INFLUENCE WAS ISLAM. What makes Islam strong is tolerance + "opening up" to the world: THIS IS THE LESSON TO BE LEARNED from the Islamic experience in Spain. So, I'm personally VERY HAPPY to see THE SAUDI FAMILY visit Spain in order to RECLAIM THE "GLORIOUD" ISLAMIC PAST OF SPAIN which, by the way, THE SPAGNIARDS ARE VERY PROUD OF. I therefore, WELCOME THE SAUDI PRINCE, MBS, visit to Europe AS "A VERY POSITIVE STEP" IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION. :D Ken, Toronto, CANADA https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_islamique_du_salut#:~:text=Le%20Front%20islamique%20du%20salut,le%20tribunal%20administratif%20d'Alger.